The present Universe

Hello, I’m Miyuki.

I wrote about “development of astronomy” last time, so I’ll write about “present Universe”. But there are a various heavenly bodies and there are a lot of people researching them. So I think only Black Hole here. I’m going to talk about present Black Hole.

 

Black Hole is very high density and very large mass so it has very strong gravitation. The strength is that even light cannot slip out.

After the fixed star of large mass carries out supernova explosion, a black hole is made by contracting to a limit with self-gravity. Black Hole has not been observed directly yet. As the name suggests, it is not directly visible. Well, how can we observe it and confirm the existence? The answer is following two.

A black hole tries to inhale a surrounding substance by the powerful gravity. The substance inhaled then becomes spiral and rotates at high speed. The substance inhaled receives the energy by rotation and becomes high temperature very much, and emits X-rays and a gamma ray. We observe a black hole indirectly by investigating the X-rays.

A black hole is the speed near the velocity of light, and spouts the flow of thin gas. This jet is one of the most intense blow-of-gas phenomena in the universe. However, it is not explained why the black hole which inhales surrounding gas by powerful gravity spouts gas. The jet is emitting the electric wave and we can confirm existence of a black hole by observing the electric wave.

Recently, observation of this jet had progress. International research teams, such as the National Astronomical Observatory, succeeded in measurement of the size of the root of the jet which comes out from the overly huge black hole of the Galaxy M87 in the Virgin for the first time on September 28, 2012.

Three radio telescopes were used for observation in the U.S. including Hawaii. Measurement showed that the size of the root of a jet was about 5.5 times larger than the black hole radius. Moreover, the size of the root of a jet agrees with the value which is expected in the case of a revolving black hole, and this has suggested a possibility that rotation of a black hole is concerned with formation and emission of a jet.

We turns out that there is an overly huge black hole at the center in almost all the Galaxies that exist in the universe. The active black hole in them is blowing off the jet accelerated to the speed near the velocity of light. A jet is a flow of the plasma emitted from near the black hole, and it is very thinly. However, it is not explained in detail yet how a jet is emitted from near the black hole and why a substance is accelerated this much high speed. It is left as a big mystery on present age astronomy.

     I am a heavenly body which certainly gets interested for that in which a black hole aims at an astronomer, and they dream about researching this black hole at once. Of course, I am also the one person. I would like to do my best toward the target.